C++ Cheat Sheet: Control Structures

1. Conditional Statements

if Statement

if (condition) {
    // Code executes if condition is true
}

if-else Statement

if (condition) {
    // Executes if true
} else {
    // Executes if false
}

if-else if-else Ladder

if (condition1) {
    // Executes if condition1 is true
} else if (condition2) {
    // Executes if condition2 is true
} else {
    // Executes if none are true
}

Ternary Operator

result = (condition) ? valueIfTrue : valueIfFalse;

2. Switch Statement

switch-case Syntax

switch (expression) {
    case value1:
        // Code block
        break;
    case value2:
        // Code block
        break;
    default:
        // Default code block
}

🔹 Notes:

• expression must be of integral or enum type.
• Use break to avoid fall-through.
• default is optional.

3. Loops

while Loop

while (condition) {
    // Executes while condition is true
}

do-while Loop

do {
    // Executes at least once
} while (condition);

for Loop

for (initialization; condition; update) {
    // Executes until condition is false
}

Range-based for Loop (C++11+)

for (auto var : container) {
    // Iterates through elements
}

4. Branching Statements

break Statement

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    if (i == 5) break;
}

continue Statement

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    if (i % 2 == 0) continue;
    // Skips even numbers
}

return Statement

return;         // For void functions
return value;   // For functions with return types