Definition: A class is a blueprint or template for creating objects. It defines a set of attributes (variables) and methods (functions) that the objects created from the class will have.
Car
class, attributes might include make
, model
, year
, and color
.Car
class, methods might include start()
, drive()
, brake()
, and honk()
.class Car:
def __init__(self, make, model, year, color):
self.make = make
self.model = model
self.year = year
self.color = color
def start(self):
print(f"The {self.color} {self.make} {self.model} is starting.")
def drive(self):
print(f"The {self.color} {self.make} {self.model} is driving.")
Definition: An object is an instance of a class. It is a specific realization of the class blueprint, containing actual data and capable of using the methods defined by the class.
Characteristics:
Car
object, the state includes the values of make
, model
, year
, and color
.start()
and drive()
methods of a Car
object.Creating and Using Objects: To create an object, you call the class as if it were a function, passing any necessary arguments to the __init__
method.
Example:
# Creating an object of the Car class
my_car = Car("Toyota", "Corolla", 2020, "blue")
# Accessing attributes
print(my_car.make) # Output: Toyota
print(my_car.model) # Output: Corolla
# Calling methods
my_car.start() # Output: The blue Toyota Corolla is starting.
my_car.drive() # Output: The blue Toyota Corolla is driving.
class Car:
# Constructor to initialize the attributes
def __init__(self, make, model, year):
self.make = make # Car make (e.g., Toyota)
self.model = model # Car model (e.g., Corolla)
self.year = year # Car manufacturing year
# Method to get the car description
def get_description(self):
return f"{self.year} {self.make} {self.model}"
# Method to simulate starting the car
def start(self):
return f"{self.get_description()} is starting."
# Method to simulate stopping the car
def stop(self):
return f"{self.get_description()} is stopping."
# Creating an instance of the Car class
my_car = Car("Toyota", "Corolla", 2021)
# Accessing attributes
print(f"Make: {my_car.make}")
print(f"Model: {my_car.model}")
print(f"Year: {my_car.year}")
# Calling methods
print(my_car.get_description())
print(my_car.start())
print(my_car.stop())
Make: Toyota
Model: Corolla
Year: 2021
2021 Toyota Corolla
2021 Toyota Corolla is starting.
2021 Toyota Corolla is stopping.
Car
class is defined with an __init__
method, which is the constructor used to initialize the object’s attributes: make
, model
, and year
.get_description
method returns a formatted string describing the car.start
method returns a string indicating that the car is starting.stop
method returns a string indicating that the car is stopping.Car
class is created with the name my_car
and initialized with the make “Toyota”, model “Corolla”, and year 2021.make
, model
, and year
of the my_car
object are accessed directly and printed.get_description
, start
, and stop
methods are called on the my_car
object, and their results are printed.