How does C++ manage memory, and what are the common pitfalls related to memory management?

Memory Management in C++

• Manual Allocation and Deallocation: C++ uses new and delete to allocate and deallocate memory on the heap.
• Automatic Variables: Variables allocated on the stack are automatically managed and cleaned up when they go out of scope.

Common Pitfalls

1. Memory Leaks: Forgetting to delete allocated memory, leading to unused memory.
2. Dangling Pointers: Deleting memory but continuing to use a pointer that references it.
3. Double Deletion: Deleting the same memory twice, leading to undefined behavior.
4. Buffer Overflow: Accessing memory beyond the allocated space.