Data types in C++

In C++, data types are fundamental for defining the nature and behavior of variables. They are categorized into several groups: fundamental (primitive) data types, derived data types, and user-defined data types.

Primitive Data Types

Derived Data Types

User-Defined Data Types

Structures (struct)

• Collection of different data types under a single name.
• Syntax:

struct StructName { dataType member1; dataType member2; ... };

• Example:

struct Person {
    std::string name;
    int age;
};
Person p1 = {"John", 30};

Unions (union)

• Similar to structures but share the same memory location for all members.
• Syntax:

union UnionName { dataType member1; dataType member2; ... };

• Example:

union Data {
    int intVal;
    float floatVal;
};
Data d1;
d1.intVal = 10;

Enumerations (enum)

• Define a set of named integer constants.
• Syntax:

enum EnumName { value1, value2, ... };

• Example:

enum Color { RED, GREEN, BLUE };
Color c = RED;

Classes (class)

• Blueprint for objects, encapsulating data and functions.
• Syntax:

class ClassName {
public:
    dataType member;
    returnType functionName(parameters);
private:
    // private members
};

• Example:

class Car {
public:
    std::string brand;
    void start() {
        std::cout << brand << " is starting";
    }
};
Car car1;
car1.brand = "Toyota";
car1.start();